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目录
前两篇博文我们已经分别讲了js加密与css加密的爬虫,本篇博文我们继续实现base64加密的爬虫。
这里我们以爬安居客为例。那么在讲之前,我们首先需要了解base64加密及其基本原理。
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一、base64加密的基本原理
1.1 Base64加密
- base64的编码都是按字符串长度,以每3个8bit的字符为一组,
- 然后针对每组,首先获取每个字符的ASCII编码,
- 然后将ASCII编码转换成8bit的二进制,得到一组3*8=24bit的字节
- 然后再将这24bit划分为4个6bit的字节,并在每个6bit的字节前面都填两个高位0,得到4个8bit的字节
- 然后将这4个8bit的字节转换成10进制,对照Base64编码表 (下表),得到对应编码后的字符。
(注:1. 要求被编码字符是8bit的,所以须在ASCII编码范围内,\u0000-\u00ff,中文就不行。
2. 如果被编码字符长度不是3的倍数的时候,则都用0代替,对应的输出字符为=)
此部分截取自叶落为重生的《关于base64编码的原理及实现》如果感兴趣的话,可以点开看看哦。
1.2 测试Base64加密的在线网站
链接:http://tool.chinaz.com/Tools/Base64.aspx
打开之后测试效果图如下:
二、网页分析与字体下载
安居客官网:https://bj.zu.anjuke.com/
我们首先看下当前请求对应的响应的内容:
我们接下来往下查看
发现字体部分是加密得到的,可以猜想到大概是css加密,下面我们先来尝试查看它的字体。
去style中找下这个字体的来源(点击左上方的
我们上次爬大众点评的时候,已经看过自定义字体的格式,如下所示:
@font-face { font-family: "PingFangSC-Regular-address"; src: url("//s3plus.meituan.net/v1/mss_73a511b8f91f43d0bdae92584ea6330b/font/5a43c7ad.eot"); src: url("//s3plus.meituan.net/v1/mss_73a511b8f91f43d0bdae92584ea6330b/font/5a43c7ad.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"),url("//s3plus.meituan.net/v1/mss_73a511b8f91f43d0bdae92584ea6330b/font/5a43c7ad.woff"); } .address { font-family: 'PingFangSC-Regular-address'; }
发现,src:url(“字体的地址”),其实base64也可以将数据加密,直接使用"data:加密后的数据",这里的style分析发现,“data:application/font-ttf;charset=utf-8;base64,使用base64加密的数据”,这里可以通过正则找到数据。
在此先把此部分copy出来。
@font-face{font-family:'fangchan-secret';src:url('data:application/font-ttf;charset=utf-8;base64,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') format('truetype')}.strongbox{font-family:'fangchan-secret','Hiragino Sans GB','Microsoft yahei',Arial,sans-serif,'宋体'!important}
接下来发送请求,获取数据,提取base64数据
import requests url = "https://bj.zu.anjuke.com/" headers = { "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36", } response = requests.get(url,headers=headers) html = response.content.decode("utf-8") print(html)
发现style中的字体是通过js来写的,这个不影响正则的提取,提取之后,使用base64解密,然后保存成ttf文件
import requests import re import base64 url = "https://bj.zu.anjuke.com/" headers = { "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36", } response = requests.get(url,headers=headers) html = response.content.decode("utf-8") data1 = re.findall(r"base64,(.*?)'\)",html,re.S)[0] print(data1) data2 = base64.b64decode(data1) print(data2) with open("./anjuke.ttf","wb") as file: file.write(data2)
使用fontcreator打开查看:
再运行一次,再查看,对比:
通过对比,我们发现上面的编号每次是不同的,内容是一样的都为11个内容。
接着,使用fonttools工具读取ttf,获取编号和对应信息。
代码如下:
import requests import re import base64 from io import BytesIO from fontTools.ttLib import TTFont url = "https://bj.zu.anjuke.com/" headers = { "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36", } response = requests.get(url,headers=headers) html = response.content.decode("utf-8") data1 = re.findall(r"base64,(.*?)'\)",html,re.S)[0] #base64解密 data2 = base64.b64decode(data1) # with open("./anjuke.ttf","wb") as file: # file.write(data2) #字节读取 data3 = BytesIO(data2) #读取字体 font = TTFont(data3) #打印字体和对应 print(font.getGlyphOrder()) print(font.getBestCmap())
运行得到结果如下图:
复制下来。
['glyph00000', 'glyph00001', 'glyph00002', 'glyph00003', 'glyph00004', 'glyph00005', 'glyph00006', 'glyph00007', 'glyph00008', 'glyph00009', 'glyph00010'] {38006: 'glyph00008', 38287: 'glyph00005', 39228: 'glyph00003', 39499: 'glyph00002', 40506: 'glyph00010', 40611: 'glyph00004', 40804: 'glyph00007', 40850: 'glyph00001', 40868: 'glyph00006', 40869: 'glyph00009'}
发现规律:'glyph00001‘
对应的是数字0,'glyph00002'
对应数字1…
38006是10进制,而使用ttf文件中上面的键是uni+16进制,这里将16和10进制进行转换就可以了。
下面我们以数字7为例:
三、代码实现
大体思路如下:
- 向https://bj.zu.anjuke.com/发送请求获取html数据
- 提取base64加密后的数据,base64解码
- 使用fonttool读取字体
- 从html数据中获取加密的数据,在自定义字体中获取原文字
由于此部分大体上与上一篇博文类似,因此直接给出代码。如果以后有时间的话,此处会给出详细步骤 -。-
# encoding: utf-8 ''' @author 李华鑫 @create 2020-10-13 10:03 Mycsdn:https://buwenbuhuo.blog.csdn.net/ @contact: 459804692@qq.com @software: Pycharm @file: 安居客.py @Version:1.0 ''' import requests import re import base64 import csv from io import BytesIO from fontTools.ttLib import TTFont from lxml import etree class AnJuKeSpider: def __init__(self, url): self.url = url self.headers = { "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36", } self.html = "" self.font_dict = {} def parse_url(self, url, headers, params={}): """解析url,返回html""" response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=params) return response.content.decode("utf-8") def parse_xpath(self, html): """使用xpath解析html,返回xpath对象""" etree_obj = etree.HTML(html) return etree_obj def get_font_dict(self, html): """获取字典 {编号:文字}""" # 正则提取 data1 = re.findall(r"base64,(.*?)'\)", html, re.S)[0] # base64解密 data2 = base64.b64decode(data1) # 字节读取 data3 = BytesIO(data2) # 读取字体 font = TTFont(data3) # 打印字体和对应 data4 = font.getBestCmap() # 返回数据 return {hex(k)[2:]: str(int(v[5:].lstrip("0")) - 1) for k, v in data4.items()} def parse_font(self, string): """获取对应的字体""" return re.sub(r'(\*[a-z0-9]+?\*)',lambda x:self.font_dict[x.group(1).strip("*")],string) def start(self): """主程序""" self.html = self.parse_url(url=self.url,headers=self.headers) self.font_dict = self.get_font_dict(html=self.html) # 替换特殊字符,避免产生乱码一样的内容 self.html = re.sub(r"&#x(\w+?);", r"*\1*", self.html) #使用xpath解析 xpath_obj = self.parse_xpath(html=self.html) div_list = xpath_obj.xpath('//div[@class="zu-itemmod"]') for div in div_list: item = {} item["title"] = self.parse_font(div.xpath("./div[1]/h3/a/b/text()")[0]) item["price"] = self.parse_font(div.xpath("./div[2]/p/strong/b/text()")[0]) self.save(item) def save(self,item): """将数据保存到csv中""" print("{}保存中...".format(item)) with open("./安居客.csv", "a", encoding="utf-8") as file: writer = csv.writer(file) writer.writerow(item.values()) if __name__ == '__main__': url = "https://bj.zu.anjuke.com/" AnJuKeSpider(url=url).start()
四、最终结果
美好的日子总是短暂的,虽然还想继续与大家畅谈,但是本篇博文到此已经结束了,如果还嫌不够过瘾,不用担心,我们下篇见!
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