阅读提醒:
- 本文面向的是有一定springboot基础者
- 本次教程使用的Spring Cloud Hoxton RELEASE版本
- 本文依赖上一篇的工程,请查看上一篇文章以做到无缝衔接,或者直接下载源码:
https://github.com/WinterChenS/spring-cloud-hoxton-study
什么是seata?
Seata 是一款开源的分布式事务解决方案,致力于提供高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务。Seata 将为用户提供了 AT、TCC、SAGA 和 XA 事务模式,为用户打造一站式的分布式解决方案。
关于更多的原理可以参考官方文档,这里就不赘述了:Seata 是什么
下载安装seata-server
下载
下载地址:Releases · seata/seata (github.com)
window下载zip,linux/mac下载tar.gz
注意:如何安装nacos请看这:Nacos 快速入门,建议查看前面的文章以做到丝滑入戏。
安装
解压之后修改配置文件registry.conf(这里主要是配置nacos作为配置中心):
config { type = "nacos" ## 这里修改为nacos,并且修改下面对应的配置 nacos { serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848" namespace = "public" group = "SEATA_GROUP" username = "nacos" password = "nacos" } }
然后继续修改注册中心(nacos作为注册中心):
registry { type = "nacos" nacos { application = "seata-server" serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848" group = "DEFAULT_GROUP" #这里的group需要与业务服务在一个group内 namespace = "public" cluster = "default" username = "nacos" password = "nacos" } }
本文是以nacos作为注册中心和配置中心的,如果需要其它的方式可以查看官方文档。
上传配置
在上传之前先下载对应的配置文件模板
- 首先下载config.txt文件:seata/script/config-center at develop · seata/seata (github.com) ,将其放入到seata的解压目录下;见图例1
- 然后在目录下找到对应的配置中心的目录下的shell脚本,这里使用的是nacos-config.sh seata/script/config-center/nacos at develop · seata/seata (github.com),将其放入到
${SEATA_DIR}/script/config-center/nacos/nacos-config.sh
注意:${SEATA_DIR}
是seata的根目录;见图例2 - 到seata的解压根目录下运行
sh script/config-center/nacos/nacos-config.sh -h 127.0.0.1 -p 8848 -g SEATA_GROUP -u nacos -w nacos
注意:nacos-config.sh是第2步下载的脚本文件,见图例3
图例1:
图例2:
图例3:
图例4:
在nacos控制台(localhost:8848/nacos,账密:nacos/nacos):
可以看到配置已经成功上传
具体的配置请查看:seata/config.txt at develop · seata/seata (github.com)
配置参数官方对照表:Seata 参数配置
注意修改对应数据库的配置,可以直接在nacos中修改配置。
有一个比较关键的点,也是很容易出错的点,有一个配置参数单独拿出来讲一下,
service.vgroupMapping.<你的服务名称>-group=default
这个分组需要seata-server和client都保持一致,当然,seata是可以存在多个事务分组的,比如我们订单业务涉及到库存等等逻辑,那么将这些在同一个事务的服务加入到同一个事务分组内,就如默认的配置文件中设置为:service.vgroupMapping.my_test_tx_group=default
那么我们需要在服务的application.yml中配置该组:
seata: tx-service-group: my_test_tx_group
启动seata-server:
windows:打开控制台:./seata-server.bat -h 127.0.0.1
linux/macos: sh [seata-server.sh](http://seata-server.sh) -h 127.0.0.1
成功启动:
nacos注册中心:
多种部署方式:
新增seata的数据表:
对应的sql文件请查看:seata/script/server/db at 1.4.0 · seata/seata (github.com)
下载之后在数据库中新建库:seata,然后将建库脚本导入。
工程改造
1.复制工程
将工程:spring-cloud-nacos-consumer 复制一份,改为:order-server
将工程:spring-cloud-nacos-provider 复制一份,改为:stock-server
注意:复制之后需要修改部分pom配置才可以(改为对应的名称):
<artifactId>order-server</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>order-server</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
并且在父pom中加入:
<modules> ... <module>stock-server</module> <module>order-server</module> </modules>
然后重新导入依赖即可
如果还存在异常,请将.imi文件删除
2.增加依赖
在两个工程模块的pom中增加依赖:
<!-- seata --> <dependency> <groupId>io.seata</groupId> <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.4.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>io.seata</groupId> <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency>
3.修改工程的application.yml配置
order-server
logging: level: io: seata: debug seata: tx-service-group: my_test_tx_group
stock-server
logging: level: io: seata: debug seata: tx-service-group: my_test_tx_group
4.数据库初始化
-- 创建 order库、业务表、undo_log表 create database seata_order; use seata_order; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `order_tbl`; CREATE TABLE `order_tbl` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `user_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `commodity_code` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `count` int(11) DEFAULT 0, `money` int(11) DEFAULT 0, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; CREATE TABLE `undo_log` ( `id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `branch_id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL, `xid` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, `context` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL, `rollback_info` LONGBLOB NOT NULL, `log_status` INT(11) NOT NULL, `log_created` DATETIME NOT NULL, `log_modified` DATETIME NOT NULL, `ext` VARCHAR(100) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`, `branch_id`) ) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1 DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8; -- 创建 stock库、业务表、undo_log表 create database seata_stock; use seata_stock; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `stock_tbl`; CREATE TABLE `stock_tbl` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `commodity_code` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `count` int(11) DEFAULT 0, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY (`commodity_code`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; CREATE TABLE `undo_log` ( `id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `branch_id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL, `xid` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, `context` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL, `rollback_info` LONGBLOB NOT NULL, `log_status` INT(11) NOT NULL, `log_created` DATETIME NOT NULL, `log_modified` DATETIME NOT NULL, `ext` VARCHAR(100) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`, `branch_id`) ) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1 DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8; -- 初始化库存模拟数据 INSERT INTO seata_stock.stock_tbl (id, commodity_code, count) VALUES (1, 'product-1', 9999999); INSERT INTO seata_stock.stock_tbl (id, commodity_code, count) VALUES (2, 'product-2', 0);
5.引入mybatis plus
父pom引入依赖:
<!-- mybatis plus --> <dependency> <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>3.4.3.4</version> </dependency> <!-- 提供mysql驱动 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.16</version> </dependency>
两个工程分别引入依赖:
<!-- mybatis plus --> <dependency> <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency>
6.order-server业务修改
新增部分类
@Data @TableName("order_tbl") @Accessors(chain = true) @Builder public class Order implements Serializable { private static final longserialVersionUID= 1L; @JsonFormat(shape = JsonFormat.Shape.STRING) @TableId(value="id" ,type = IdType.AUTO) /** */ @TableField("id") private Integer id; /** */ @TableField("user_id") private String userId; /** */ @TableField("commodity_code") private String commodityCode; /** */ @TableField("count") private Integer count; /** */ @TableField("money") private BigDecimal money; @Tolerate public Order(){} }
@Mapper public interface OrderTblMapper extends BaseMapper<Order> { }
mapperxml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.winterchen.nacos.mapper.OrderTblMapper"> </mapper>
service:
public interface OrderTblService extends IService<Order> { void placeOrder(String userId, String commodityCode, Integer count); }
@Service public class OrderTblServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<OrderTblMapper, Order> implements OrderTblService { @Autowired private StockFeignClient stockFeignClient; /** * 下单:创建订单、减库存,涉及到两个服务 * * @param userId * @param commodityCode * @param count */ @GlobalTransactional @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class) @Override public void placeOrder(String userId, String commodityCode, Integer count) { BigDecimal orderMoney = new BigDecimal(count).multiply(new BigDecimal(5)); Order order = new Order().setUserId(userId).setCommodityCode(commodityCode).setCount(count).setMoney(orderMoney); baseMapper.insert(order); stockFeignClient.deduct(commodityCode, count); } }
StockFeignClient
@FeignClient(name = "stock-server") public interface StockFeignClient { @PostMapping("/api/stock/deduct") Boolean deduct(@RequestParam("commodityCode") String commodityCode, @RequestParam("count") Integer count); }
@Api(tags="订单API") @RestController @RequestMapping("/api/order") public class OrderTblController { @Autowired private OrderTblService orderTblService; /** * 下单:插入订单表、扣减库存,模拟回滚 * * @return */ @PostMapping("/placeOrder/commit") public Boolean placeOrderCommit() { orderTblService.placeOrder("1", "product-1", 1); return true; } /** * 下单:插入订单表、扣减库存,模拟回滚 * * @return */ @PostMapping("/placeOrder/rollback") public Boolean placeOrderRollback() { // product-2 扣库存时模拟了一个业务异常, orderTblService.placeOrder("1", "product-2", 1); return true; } @PostMapping("/placeOrder") public Boolean placeOrder(String userId, String commodityCode, Integer count) { orderTblService.placeOrder(userId, commodityCode, count); return true; } }
7.stock-server业务修改
entity:
@Data @TableName("stock_tbl") @Accessors(chain = true) @Builder public class Stock implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @JsonFormat(shape = JsonFormat.Shape.STRING) @TableId(value="id" ,type = IdType.AUTO) /** */ @TableField("id") private Integer id; /** */ @TableField("commodity_code") private String commodityCode; /** */ @TableField("count") private Integer count; @Tolerate public Stock(){} }
mapper:
@Mapper public interface StockTblMapper extends BaseMapper<Stock> { }
mapperxml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.winterchen.nacos.mapper.StockTblMapper"> </mapper>
service:
public interface StockTblService extends IService<Stock> { void deduct(String commodityCode, int count); }
@Service public class StockTblServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<StockTblMapper, Stock> implements StockTblService { @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class) @Override public void deduct(String commodityCode, int count) { if (commodityCode.equals("product-2")) { throw new RuntimeException("异常:模拟业务异常:stock branch exception"); } QueryWrapper<Stock> wrapper = new QueryWrapper<>(); wrapper.setEntity(new Stock().setCommodityCode(commodityCode)); Stock stock = baseMapper.selectOne(wrapper); stock.setCount(stock.getCount() - count); baseMapper.updateById(stock); } }
controller:
@Api(tags="库存API") @RestController @RequestMapping("/api/stock") public class StockTblController { @Autowired private StockTblService stockTblService; /** * 减库存 * * @param commodityCode 商品代码 * @param count 数量 * @return */ @PostMapping(path = "/deduct") public Boolean deduct(String commodityCode, Integer count) { stockTblService.deduct(commodityCode, count); return true; } }
8. 修改gateway:
修改GatewayConfiguration
initCustomizedApis
新增对order-server
和stock-server
的初始化
ApiDefinition api3 = new ApiDefinition("order") .setPredicateItems(new HashSet<ApiPredicateItem>() {{ add(new ApiPathPredicateItem().setPattern("/order/**") .setMatchStrategy(SentinelGatewayConstants.URL_MATCH_STRATEGY_PREFIX)); }}); ApiDefinition api4 = new ApiDefinition("stock") .setPredicateItems(new HashSet<ApiPredicateItem>() {{ add(new ApiPathPredicateItem().setPattern("/stock/**") .setMatchStrategy(SentinelGatewayConstants.URL_MATCH_STRATEGY_PREFIX)); }}); definitions.add(api3); definitions.add(api4);
initGatewayRules
新增规则
rules.add(new GatewayFlowRule("order") .setCount(10) .setIntervalSec(1) ); rules.add(new GatewayFlowRule("order") .setCount(2) .setIntervalSec(2) .setBurst(2) .setParamItem(new GatewayParamFlowItem() .setParseStrategy(SentinelGatewayConstants.PARAM_PARSE_STRATEGY_CLIENT_IP) ) ); rules.add(new GatewayFlowRule("stock") .setCount(10) .setIntervalSec(1) .setControlBehavior(RuleConstant.CONTROL_BEHAVIOR_RATE_LIMITER) .setMaxQueueingTimeoutMs(600) .setParamItem(new GatewayParamFlowItem() .setParseStrategy(SentinelGatewayConstants.PARAM_PARSE_STRATEGY_HEADER) .setFieldName("X-Sentinel-Flag") ) ); rules.add(new GatewayFlowRule("stock") .setCount(1) .setIntervalSec(1) .setParamItem(new GatewayParamFlowItem() .setParseStrategy(SentinelGatewayConstants.PARAM_PARSE_STRATEGY_URL_PARAM) .setFieldName("pa") ) ); rules.add(new GatewayFlowRule("stock") .setCount(2) .setIntervalSec(30) .setParamItem(new GatewayParamFlowItem() .setParseStrategy(SentinelGatewayConstants.PARAM_PARSE_STRATEGY_URL_PARAM) .setFieldName("type") .setPattern("warn") .setMatchStrategy(SentinelGatewayConstants.PARAM_MATCH_STRATEGY_CONTAINS) ) ); rules.add(new GatewayFlowRule("stock") .setResourceMode(SentinelGatewayConstants.RESOURCE_MODE_CUSTOM_API_NAME) .setCount(5) .setIntervalSec(1) .setParamItem(new GatewayParamFlowItem() .setParseStrategy(SentinelGatewayConstants.PARAM_PARSE_STRATEGY_URL_PARAM) .setFieldName("pn") ) );
appilcation.yml
新增对order-server
和stock-server
的路由配置:
spring: cloud: nacos: discovery: server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848 gateway: discovery: locator: enabled: false lowerCaseServiceId: true routes: - id: provider uri: lb://winter-nacos-provider predicates: - Path=/provider/** filters: - StripPrefix=1 #StripPrefix=1就代表截取路径的个数为1,比如前端过来请求/test/good/1/view,匹配成功后,路由到后端的请求路径就会变成http://localhost:8888/good/1/view - id: consumer uri: lb://winter-nacos-consumer predicates: - Path=/consumer/** filters: - StripPrefix=1 - id: auth uri: lb://auth predicates: - Path=/auth/** filters: - StripPrefix=1 - id: order-server -------新增order-server的路由规则 uri: lb://order-server predicates: - Path=/order/** filters: - StripPrefix=1 - id: stock-server --------- 新增stock-server的路由规则 uri: lb://stock-server predicates: - Path=/stock/** filters: - StripPrefix=1
测试:
首先启动对应的服务:
- spring-cloud-gateway
- spring-cloud-auth
- order-server
- stock-server
然后打开swagger进行测试: consumer服务
测试提交:
订单创建成功:
库存扣减成功:
测试回滚:
此时数据库里面都正常回滚。
总结
以上就是本教程的全部内容了,seata是一款非常好用的分布式事务框架,为开发人员提供了比较简单的API,seata默认使用的是AT模式的事务,当然,可以结合自身的业务选择比较合适的分布式事务模式,具体的配置可以参考官方文档。
本项目的源码地址为:WinterChenS/spring-cloud-hoxton-study: spring cloud hoxton release study (github.com)