集成 Typescript, ESLint, Prettier
本文介绍:
- 在 React Native 中如何配置使用 Typescript
- 如何使用 ESLint 和 Prettier 来检查 ts 代码
- ESLint 和 Prettier 如何与 Visual Studio Code 集成
2019 年 11 月 6 日更新: 使用社区提供的 eslint 配置
Typescript
类型系统对于需要长期维护的项目来说,是非常重要的。
我们可以使用 react-native-template-typescriptopen in new window 模版来创建 typescript 化的项目,也可以手动配置。
确保所使用的 react-native-cli 为社区版的 cli
npm uninstall -g react-native-cli
npm i -g @react-native-community/cli
运行以下命令,即可创建带 typescript 配置的 React Native 项目
npx react-native init MyApp --template react-native-template-typescript
使用 --version 参数可以指定 RN 版本,如
npx react-native init MyApp --version 0.60.0
小知识:react-native-template-typescript 既是个模版项目,也是个 npm 包,可以在 https://www.npmjs.com/ 上搜索到它。我们可以创建自己的模版,然后发布到 npm。
调整 tsconfig.json 文件,在 compilerOptions 中添加如下两个配置
{ "compilerOptions": { "resolveJsonModule": true, "skipLibCheck": true } }
Typescript 的配置项比较多,我们至少需要弄明白那些开启的选项代表什么,不过这是另外一个话题了。
手动配置 Typescript
添加依赖
yarn add -D typescript @types/jest @types/react @types/react-native @types/react-test-renderer
在项目根目录中创建名为 tsconfig.json 的文件,复制以下内容到文件中。
{ "compilerOptions": { /* Basic Options */ "resolveJsonModule": true, "skipLibCheck": true, "target": "esnext" /* Specify ECMAScript target version: 'ES3' (default), 'ES5', 'ES2015', 'ES2016', 'ES2017','ES2018' or 'ESNEXT'. */, "module": "commonjs" /* Specify module code generation: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es2015', or 'ESNext'. */, "lib": ["es6"] /* Specify library files to be included in the compilation. */, "allowJs": true /* Allow javascript files to be compiled. */, // "checkJs": true, /* Report errors in .js files. */ "jsx": "react-native" /* Specify JSX code generation: 'preserve', 'react-native', or 'react'. */, // "declaration": true, /* Generates corresponding '.d.ts' file. */ // "sourceMap": true, /* Generates corresponding '.map' file. */ // "outFile": "./", /* Concatenate and emit output to single file. */ // "outDir": "./", /* Redirect output structure to the directory. */ // "rootDir": "./", /* Specify the root directory of input files. Use to control the output directory structure with --outDir. */ // "removeComments": true, /* Do not emit comments to output. */ "noEmit": true /* Do not emit outputs. */, // "importHelpers": true, /* Import emit helpers from 'tslib'. */ // "downlevelIteration": true, /* Provide full support for iterables in 'for-of', spread, and destructuring when targeting 'ES5' or 'ES3'. */ "isolatedModules": true /* Transpile each file as a separate module (similar to 'ts.transpileModule'). */, /* Strict Type-Checking Options */ "strict": true /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */, // "noImplicitAny": true, /* Raise error on expressions and declarations with an implied 'any' type. */ // "strictNullChecks": true, /* Enable strict null checks. */ // "strictFunctionTypes": true, /* Enable strict checking of function types. */ // "strictPropertyInitialization": true, /* Enable strict checking of property initialization in classes. */ // "noImplicitThis": true, /* Raise error on 'this' expressions with an implied 'any' type. */ // "alwaysStrict": true, /* Parse in strict mode and emit "use strict" for each source file. */ /* Additional Checks */ // "noUnusedLocals": true, /* Report errors on unused locals. */ // "noUnusedParameters": true, /* Report errors on unused parameters. */ // "noImplicitReturns": true, /* Report error when not all code paths in function return a value. */ // "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true, /* Report errors for fallthrough cases in switch statement. */ /* Module Resolution Options */ "moduleResolution": "node" /* Specify module resolution strategy: 'node' (Node.js) or 'classic' (TypeScript pre-1.6). */, "baseUrl": "./" /* Base directory to resolve non-absolute module names. */, // "paths": {}, /* A series of entries which re-map imports to lookup locations relative to the 'baseUrl'. */ // "rootDirs": [], /* List of root folders whose combined content represents the structure of the project at runtime. */ // "typeRoots": [], /* List of folders to include type definitions from. */ // "types": [], /* Type declaration files to be included in compilation. */ "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true /* Allow default imports from modules with no default export. This does not affect code emit, just typechecking. */, "esModuleInterop": true /* Enables emit interoperability between CommonJS and ES Modules via creation of namespace objects for all imports. Implies 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports'. */ // "preserveSymlinks": true, /* Do not resolve the real path of symlinks. */ /* Source Map Options */ // "sourceRoot": "./", /* Specify the location where debugger should locate TypeScript files instead of source locations. */ // "mapRoot": "./", /* Specify the location where debugger should locate map files instead of generated locations. */ // "inlineSourceMap": true, /* Emit a single file with source maps instead of having a separate file. */ // "inlineSources": true, /* Emit the source alongside the sourcemaps within a single file; requires '--inlineSourceMap' or '--sourceMap' to be set. */ /* Experimental Options */ // "experimentalDecorators": true, /* Enables experimental support for ES7 decorators. */ // "emitDecoratorMetadata": true, /* Enables experimental support for emitting type metadata for decorators. */ }, "exclude": ["node_modules", "babel.config.js", "metro.config.js", "jest.config.js"] }
ESLint & Prettier
在 TypeScript 2019 路线图open in new window 中,TypeScript 核心团队推荐使用 ESLint 来检测代码。
安装 React Native 团队为我们提供的 eslint configopen in new window
yarn add -D eslint@^7.32.0 @react-native-community/eslint-config
创建或编辑 .eslintrc.js 文件
module.exports = { root: true, extends: ['@react-native-community', 'plugin:prettier/recommended', 'prettier/react'], }
创建或编辑 .prettierrc.js 文件
module.exports = { semi: false, trailingComma: 'all', jsxBracketSameLine: true, singleQuote: true, printWidth: 100, }
修改 package.json 文件,添加 tsc 和 lint 脚本
"scripts": { "tsc": "tsc --noEmit", "lint": "eslint . --fix --ext .js,.jsx,.ts,.tsx" },
ESLint 相关知识,请深入理解 ESlintopen in new window
Git Hook
为了不妨碍 commit 效率,我们不使用 Git Hook 来自动触发 tsc 和 lint,而是将这些过程延迟到 CI 阶段。
与 Visual Studio Code 集成
为了获得良好的开发体验,设置编辑器以便在保存文件时自动运行 ESLint 的自动修复命令(即 eslint --fix)是非常有用的。
确保安装了以下 VS Code 插件
dbaeumer.vscode-eslint esbenp.prettier-vscode
添加如下配置到 VS Code 中的 settings.json 文件中,以便在保存文件时自动格式化:
按下
Command + ,
然后点击右上角的 { } 按钮,可以打开 settings.json 文件
{ "javascript.updateImportsOnFileMove.enabled": "always", "typescript.updateImportsOnFileMove.enabled": "always", "[typescript]": { "editor.tabSize": 2 }, "[typescriptreact]": { "editor.tabSize": 2 }, "[javascript]": { "editor.tabSize": 2 }, "[html]": { "editor.tabSize": 2 }, "[json]": { "editor.tabSize": 2 }, "[css]": { "editor.tabSize": 2 }, "[yaml]": { "editor.tabSize": 2 }, "[toml]": { "editor.tabSize": 2 }, "editor.fontSize": 14, "editor.codeActionsOnSave": { "source.fixAll.eslint": true, }, "eslint.validate": [ "javascript", "javascriptreact", "typescript", "typescriptreact" ], }
建议阅读 Using TypeScript with React Nativeopen in new window
参考
react-native-template-typescriptopen in new window
Setting up ESLint with Prettier, TypeScript, and Visual Studio Codeopen in new window